Two NASA Spacecraft Begin New Exploration Assignments
WASHINGTON -- Two NASA spacecraft have been assigned a new mission after successfully completing their original science objectives earlier this year. The duo began making observations this week to study how solar wind electrifies, alters and erodes the moon's surface. Data could reveal valuable information for future explorers and give planetary scientists a hint of what's happening on other worlds around the solar system.The new mission is called ARTEMIS, or Acceleration, Reconnection,
Turbulence and Electrodynamics of Moon's Interaction with the Sun.
ARTEMIS uses two of five in-orbit spacecraft from NASA's THEMIS, or
Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms, mission.
"Using two repurposed satellites for the ARTEMIS mission highlights
NASA's efficient use of the nation's space assets," said Dick Fisher,
director of the Heliophysics Division in NASA's Science Mission
Directorate at the agency's headquarters in Washington.
ARTEMIS will measure solar wind turbulence on scales never sampled by
previous missions. Solar wind is a stream of charged particles
emitted from the upper atmosphere of the sun.
"ARTEMIS will provide a unique two-point view of the moon's
under-explored space environment," said Vassilis Angelopoulos of the
University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA), principal
investigator of the THEMIS mission. "These two spacecraft are headed
for an incredible new adventure."
One ARTEMIS spacecraft reached what is called the L2 Lagrange point on
the far side of the moon on Aug. 25. On Oct. 22, the other spacecraft
entered the L1 Lagrange point on the Earth-side of the moon. Lagrange
points are places where the gravity of Earth and moon balance,
creating a sort of gravitational parking spot for spacecraft. NASA
repositioned the two outermost THEMIS spacecraft using spare on-board
fuel and a set of complex orbit maneuvers over the course of more than a year.
"ARTEMIS is going where no spacecraft have gone before," said Manfred
Bester, Mission Operations manager from the University of California
at Berkeley, where the spacecraft are operated. "We are exploring the
Earth-Moon Lagrange points for the first time."
After six months at the Lagrange points, ARTEMIS will move closer to
the moon. The spacecraft will be approximately 62 miles from the
surface at first, but will eventually move closer. From point-blank
range, the spacecraft will look to see how the solar wind impacts a
rocky world when there's no magnetic field to protect it. Earth is
protected from solar wind by its magnetic field. However, the moon is
exposed because it has no global magnetism.
The ARTEMIS mission is a joint effort among NASA's Goddard Space
Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md.; NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in
Pasadena, Calif.; the Space Sciences Laboratory at Berkeley; and UCLA.
Launched in 2007, THEMIS was NASA's first five-satellite mission
launched aboard a single rocket. The unique constellation of
satellites provided scientists with data to help resolve the mystery
of how Earth's magnetosphere stores and releases energy from the sun
by triggering geomagnetic substorms. The three remaining THEMIS
satellites continue to study substorms that are visible in the
Northern Hemisphere as a sudden brightening of the Northern Lights,
or aurora borealis.
The mission was one of NASA's series of low-cost, rapidly developed
missions in the Explorers Program. ATK, formerly Swales Aerospace, in
Beltsville, Md., built the THEMIS probes. Goddard manages the program
for the agency's Science Mission Directorate.
For more information about ARTEMIS, visit:
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_
For more information about the THEMIS mission, visit:
http://www.nasa.gov/themis
Source: NASA
