NASA And NOAA Mark 50 Years Of Weather Watching From Space
WASHINGTON -- Fifty years ago, the world's first weather satellite
lifted off from Cape Canaveral, Fla., opening a new and exciting
dimension in weather forecasting. Leaders from NASA and the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or NOAA, hailed the milestone
as an example of a strong agency partnership and commitment to flying
the best Earth observation satellites today and in the future.
The first image from the Television Infrared Observation Satellite,
known as TIROS-1, was a fuzzy picture of thick bands and clusters of
clouds over America. An image captured a few days later revealed a
typhoon approximately 1,000 miles east of Australia. TIROS-1, a
polar-orbiting satellite, weighed 270 pounds and carried two cameras
and two video recorders.
"TIROS-1 started the satellite observations and interagency
collaborations that produced vast improvements in weather forecasts,
which have strengthened the nation," said NASA Administrator Charles
Bolden. "It also laid the foundation for our current global view of
Earth that underlies all of climate research and the field of Earth
system science."
TIROS-1 was NASA's first attempt in using satellites to help
scientists study weather systems on Earth. NASA managed the program
with help from the U.S. Army Signal Research and Development Lab,
RCA, the U.S. Weather Bureau (now the National Weather Service) and
the U.S. Naval Photographic Interpretation Center.
"This satellite forever changed weather forecasting," said Jane
Lubchenco, undersecretary of commerce for oceans and atmosphere and
NOAA administrator. "Since TIROS-1, meteorologists have far greater
information about severe weather and can issue more accurate
forecasts and warnings that save lives and protect property."
NASA launched all 10 of the TIROS satellites. Throughout the 1960s,
each satellite carried increasingly advanced instruments and
technology. By 1965, meteorologists combined 450 TIROS images into
the first global view of the world's weather, picking up a line of
clouds over the Pacific Ocean barreling toward the United States.
In 1975, NASA launched the first Geostationary Operational
Environmental Satellite, or GOES, 22,300 miles into space. Its
ability to orbit in sync with Earth's rotation, combined with
polar-orbiting satellites, gave U.S. meteorological forecasters a
powerful tool.
"We could not provide skillful hurricane forecasts without the crucial
imagery and data from geostationary and polar-orbiting satellites,"
said Chris Landsea, the science operations officer at NOAA's National
Hurricane Center in Miami. "Before satellites, tropical storms and
hurricanes were often missed if they stayed out over the open ocean.
Now we know tropical storms and hurricanes have swings in numbers
from decade to decade."
With continued technological improvements, the satellites gave
scientists the ability to track changes in climate, from the subtle
onset of drought and its impact on vegetation to monitoring global
sea-surface temperatures that signal atmospheric phenomena, such as
El Nino and La Nina.
On Feb. 6, 2009, NASA launched the last of the TIROS satellites, NOAA
N-Prime, from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. Now called
NOAA-19, the satellite provides coverage for the afternoon orbit,
while the morning orbit is handled by a European satellite through a
partnership with NOAA and the European Organisation for the
Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites.
On Feb. 1, 2010, the White House restructured the National
Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System, or NPOESS,
tri-agency effort among NOAA, NASA and the Department of Defense.
Through the NOAA-NASA partnership, another polar-orbiting satellite
called the NPOESS Preparatory Project is scheduled to launch in late
2011. It will demonstrate the capabilities of next-generation sensors
and provide continuity with NASA's Earth Observing System satellites.
The NOAA-NASA team also will build, launch and operate two more polar
satellites under the Joint Polar Satellite System. The satellites are
planned to be ready for launch in 2015 and 2018.
NOAA and NASA also are working to launch the next generation GOES-R
series of satellites, beginning in 2015. These spacecraft will have
twice the clarity of today's GOES and provide more than 20 times the
information.
For more information about the TIROS program, visit:
http://nasascience.nasa.gov/
For more information about NASA and agency programs, visit:
http://www.nasa.gov
Source: NASA
